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The Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral ((ドイツ語:Operationszone Adriatisches Küstenland (OZAK) ''or colloquially,'' Operationszone Adria); (イタリア語:Zona d'operazioni del Litorale adriatico); (クロアチア語:Operativna zona Jadransko primorje); (スロベニア語:Operacijska zona Jadransko primorje)) was a Nazi German district on the northern Adriatic coast created during World War II in 1943. It was formed out of territories that were previously under Fascist Italian control until its invasion by Germany. It included parts of present-day Italian, Slovenian, and Croatian territories.〔 http://www.panzer-ozak.it/immagini/mappaozak100grande.gif〕 The area was administered as territory attached, but not incorporated to, the ''Reichsgau'' of Carinthia. The capital of the zone was Trieste. ==Background== OZAK was established, with its headquarters in Trieste, on 10 September 1943, by Adolf Hitler,〔A copy of an existing document is available online. It reads "In addition to my (...) order of the commander of the Greater German Reich in Italy and the organisation of the occupied Italian area from 10 September 1943 I determine: The supreme commanders in the Operational Zone Adriatic Coast consisting of the provinces of Friaul, Görz, Triest, Istrien, Fiume, Quarnero, Laibach, and in the Prealpine Operations Zone consisting of the provinces of Bozen, Trient and Belluno receive the fundamental instructions for their activity from me. Führer's headquarters, 10 September 1943. The Führer Gen. Adolf Hitler".〕 as a response to the Italian capitulation (8 September 1943) following the Allied invasion of Italy. It comprised the provinces of Udine, Gorizia, Trieste, Pula (Pola), Rijeka (Fiume) and Ljubljana (Lubiana). The Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills, comprising the provinces of Belluno, South Tyrol, and Trentino, was established on the same day. Both operations zones formally belonged to the Italian Social Republic, which governed those areas of Italy not yet occupied by the Allies from Salò at Lake Garda. The name of the zone was a reference to the historical crown land of the Austrian Littoral. The OZAK was not incorporated in the German Reich outright, but attached to Gau Carinthia.〔 Friedrich Rainer, Nazi Gauleiter of Carinthia was appointed Reich Defence Commissar of OZAK, thereby becoming chief of the civil administration of the semi-annexed territory. The province of Ljubljana was given a Slovenian provincial administration. Leading collaborator Gregorij Rožman, Bishop of Ljubljana, recommended to Rainer that notorious anti-Semite Leon Rupnik should be the president of the new Ljubljana provincial government,〔Tone Ferenc, The German Occupier in Ljubljana p211; Jozo Tomašević, War and Revolution in Yugoslavia 1941-1945 p122, available online at https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC&dq=the+chetniks+by+jozo+toma%C5%A1evi%C4%87&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=-LhVfrc7Pg&sig=5MdcxAM9qowMnXF0Szy38oeOC1k#PPR1,M1〕 and Rupnik was then duly appointed on 22 September 1943. SS General Erwin Rösener became Advisor to the President.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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